IS-UP Working Papers are an online sequential publication of the Institute of Sociology (IS-UP) to disseminate preliminary scientific or technical papers (preliminary) produced by integrated or associated researchers of the Unit, as well as by Master, PhD or Post-PhD students of the U.PORTO with affinities to the objectives and profile of the research carried out at the IS-UP. The main purpose is to encourage the sharing of ideas, allowing for the discussion and review of concepts and methodologies. The theme of some Calls for Working Papers may be in line with the dynamics and research and development themes of the IS-UP and its research partnerships.